Argentina
CHILD SEX ABUSE SOLs
Ver SOL Penal Local En Español
View Local Criminal SOL In Spanish
Current Criminal SOL
| Crimes |
Custodial Sentence |
SOL *1
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Sexual abuse *2
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Simple sexual abuse: 6 months to 4 years OR Simple sexual abuse + any of the circumstances provided for in art. 119, subparagraphs Aggravated sexual abuse: 4 to 10 years
Aggravated sexual abuse + any of the circumstances provided for in art. 119, subparagraphs a), b), c), d), e) or f): |
Simple sexual abuse: 4 years Simple sexual abuse + any of Aggravated sexual abuse: Aggravated sexual abuse + any of the circumstances provided for in art. 119, subparagraphs a), b), d), e) or f): Tolling (suspension) SOL *3 Until victim turns 18 yo and victim presses charge or ratifies charges pressed by the child’s legal representative
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Rape *4
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Simple rape: 6 to 15 years Aggravated rape (includes any of the circumstances provided for in art. 119, |
Simple rape: 12 years Aggravated rape: 12 years Tolling (suspension) SOL Until victim turns 18 yo and victim presses charge or ratifies charges pressed by the child’s legal representative |
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Sexual abuse/ Rape *5 AND Significant power AND Arg. Penal Code does not include a more severe |
Simple: 3 to 6 years Simple + any of the circumstances provided for in art. 119, subparagraphs a), b), c), e) or f): |
Simple: 6 years Simple + any of the circumstances provided for in art. 119, subparagraphs a), b), c), e) or f): 10 years Tolling (suspension) SOL
Until victim turns 18 yo and victim presses charge or ratifies charges pressed by the child’s legal representative |
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Sexual abuse/Rape resulting in death *6 |
Life imprisonment |
15 years *7 Tolling (suspension) SOL Until midnight of the day on |
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Corruption of minors *8 Simple crime: Aggravated crime: Aggravated crime |
Simple: Aggravated: Aggravated (regardless of age): |
Simple: Aggravated: Aggravated (regardless of age): Tolling (suspension) SOL and victim presses charge or ratifies charges pressed by the child’s legal representative |
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Promotion of prostitution *9 Promoting/ facilitating Aggravated crime(regardless of the age of |
Simple: 4 to 6 years even with victim Aggravated: (Regardless of age) 5 to 10 years under special circumstances *11 Aggravated because of victim´s age: |
Simple: Aggravated: 10 years Aggravated because of 6 years 10 years 12 years Tolling (suspension) SOL |
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Economic exploitation of prostitution *12 . Exploiting/benefitting from prostitution, no matter if there is consent. Aggravated crime (regardless of the age of |
Simple: Aggravated: (regardless of age) Aggravated because of victim´s age: |
Simple: Aggravated:(regardless of age) 10 years Aggravated because of victim´s age: Tolling (suspension) SOL Until victim turns 18 yo and victim presses charge or ratifies charges pressed by the child’s legal representative |
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Child sex exploitation material (CSEM) *13 Producing, financing, offering, trading, publishing, facilitating, disclosing, distributing CSEM person < 18yo
OR
Live child sex exploitation (live CSE) acts *14 Organizing live child sex exploitation acts person < 18yo Aggravated crime if: Victim <13 yo |
Simple: (13 to 18yo victim producing CSEM and live CSE) 3 to 6 years.
Aggravated: (< 13 yo victim producing CSEM and live CSE) 4 to 8 years.
Other figures:
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Simple: 6 years.
Aggravated: 8 years
Tolling (suspension) SOL Until victim turns 18 yo and victim presses charge or ratifies charges pressed by the child’s legal representative 2 years *15 3 years
Tolling (suspension) SOL Until victim turns 18 yo and victim presses charge or ratifies charges pressed by the child’s legal representative
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Sexual exhibitionism *16
Execute/ or has executed by others acts of obscene exhibitions
AND Acts witnessed involuntarily by third person Aggravated crime if there’s: Third person is a minor < 18yo if without consent. OR Third person is a minor < 13 yo Unable to give consent
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Simple: Fine $1.000-15.000 (In front of adults)
Aggravated: 6 months to 4 years
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Simple: 2 years
Aggravated: 4 years
Tolling (suspension) SOL Until victim turns 18 yo and victim presses charge or ratifies charges pressed by the child’s legal representative
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Abduction with the intention of committing sex act *17 Abduction/ retaining a Person
AND committed with: -Force -Intimidation -Fraud. AND With the intention of undermining his or her sexual integrity
Aggravated crime if: Victim <13 yo
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Simple 1 to 4 years 6 months to 2 years If victim < 16 years with their consent
Aggravated 2 to 6 years If victim < 13yo.
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Simple 4 years.
2 years
Aggravated 6 years
Tolling (suspension) SOL Until victim turns 18 yo and victim presses charge or ratifies charges pressed by the child’s legal representative
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Child trafficking with the intent of committing exploitation (i.e., sexual, labour) *18
Offering, attracting, transferring, receiving, harbouring person
AND
Intention to exploit them (i.e., sexual, labor)
AND Victim is <18yo. No matter if they give consent |
10 to 15 years
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12 years Tolling (suspension) SOL Until victim turns 18 yo and victim presses charge or ratifies charges pressed by the child’s legal representative |
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Summary: The statute of limitations (SOL) operates for all crimes, and it provides in the Argentinean criminal law. The SOL varies from 2 to 15 years depending on the crime and the aggravating circumstances.
*1 Art 62 Arg. Criminal. Code
*2 Art. 119 Arg. Crim. Code
* 3 Art. 67 par. 4 Arg, Crim. Code
*4Art. 119 Arg. Crim. Code
*5 Art. 120 Arg. Crim. Code
*6 Art. 124 Arg. Crim. Code
*7 Art. 62 subparagraph 1 Arg. Crim. Code
*8 Art. 125 Arg. Crim. Code
*9 Art 125 bis (it does not refer to underage persons, it just established the simple crime. Art. 126 and 127 Arg. Crim. Code refer to cases regarding minors.
*10 Art. 125 bis Arg. Crim. Code
*11 Art. 126 Arg. Crim. Code.
*12 Art. 127 Arg. Crim. Code.
*13 Art. 128 Arg. Crim. Code
*14 Art. 128 Arg. Crim. Code
*15 Art. 62 2) Arg. Crim Code.
*16 Art. 129 Arg. Crim. Code
*17 Art 130 Arg.Crim. Code
*18 Art 145 bis. Simple trafficking and Art 145 ter Aggravated Child trafficking.
*19 Federal case “Altamirano”. Cámara Federal de Casación Penal. Sala 4, c. 191/12, Registro 310/16.4, 22/03/2016.
*20 https://www.concordatwatch.eu/concordat-with-general-ongana-1966–t29641
*21 The transcription of this article is only to have the subparagraphs present when analyzing the table above. We do not consider necessary to copy all the rest of the articles mentioned.
*22 https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4&clang=_en
CRIMINAL SOL History
| Age Cap | |
| By 2011 | In 2011, Law 26,705 established that, for all crimes against the sexual integrity of a minor, the statute of limitations would run when the victim had reached the age of majority. |
| 2015 | In 2015, Law 27,206 provided that, in these crimes, they are not counted until the minor victim is of legal age and makes a complaint or ratifies the one made by their representatives in their childhood. |
*Rule of law is mandatory in Argentinean legal system; therefore, SOL must be regulated by law of Congress. Given the different laws through the years, the suspension of the SOL will differ accordingly to when the crimes happened.
For crimes committed before 2011, the statute of limitations operates once the maximum of the custodial sentence has gone by (with a maximum of 12 years for crimes punished with prison, and 15 years for cases of life imprisonment).
For crimes committed between 2011 and 2015, the statute of limitations will be suspended until the victim reaches the age of majority (18 yo).
For crimes committed from 2015 forward, the statute of limitations will be suspended until the victim reaches the majority of age AND makes a complaint of ratifies the one made by their representatives.
After Laws 26,705 (2011) and 27,206 (2015) were enacted, there has been only one isolated case in a federal court in which such laws have been applied retroactively to a case where the crime was committed prior to the enactment of these laws (arguing that Argentinian courts need to follow local Argentine Laws and International Treaties to protect the ‘best interest of the child’). However, this is not the main opinion in Argentinean caselaw.
*Concordat: Signed in buenos Aires, the 10th of October 1966 (no ratification required)
No direct involvement in judicial proceedings against sexual crimes involving minors.
Current Argentinian criminal law:
Article 62 Argentinian criminal code.
The criminal action will prescribe during the time set below:
1st. At fifteen years, when dealing with crimes punishable by imprisonment or life imprisonment;
2nd. After the maximum duration of the custodial sentence indicated for the crime has elapsed, in the case of acts repressed with seclusion or prison, in no case may the duration of the statute of limitations exceed twelve years or be less than two years;
3rd. After five years, when it is an act repressed only with perpetual disqualification;
4th. A year, when it is a repressed fact only with temporary disqualification;
5th. After two years, when dealing with acts repressed with a fine.
Article 67.IV, V and VI Argentinian criminal code.
In the crimes provided for in articles 119, 120, 125, 125 bis, 128, 129 —in fine—, 130 —second and third paragraphs—, 145 bis and 145 ter of the Criminal Code, the statute of limitations is suspended while the victim is a minor of age and until, having reached the age of majority, they formulate the complaint themselves or ratify the one formulated by their legal representatives during their minority.
If, as a result of any of the indicated crimes, the death of the minor has occurred, it will begin to run from midnight on the day on which the minor has reached the age of majority.
The prescription is interrupted only by a) The commission of another crime; (…)
Article 119 of the Argentinian Criminal Code
Sexual abuse shall be punished by imprisonment for six (6) months to four (years) when the victim is under the age of thirteen (13) or when the use of violence, threats, coercive or intimidating abuse of a relationship of power or authority is involved, or when the offender takes advantage of the fact that, due to any circumstances, the victim has been unable to consent.
Sexual abuse shall be punished by imprisonment for four (4) to ten (10) years when the abuse, due to its extension or special circumstances, entails severely outrageous sexual subjection of the victim.
The act described in the first paragraph shall be punished by imprisonment for six (6) to fifteen (15) years when there is anal, vaginal or oral intercourse involved, or when similar acts are committed by introducing objects or parts of the body through the victim’s anus or vagina.
The acts described in the second and third paragraphs shall be punished by imprisonment for eight (8) to twenty (20) when committed under any of the following circumstances:
- a) The act causes serious damage to the victim’s physical or mental health;
- b) The act is committed by a relative in the ascending or descending line, a relative by marriage in the ascending or descending line, a sibling, a guardian, an executor, a minister of a religion, whether recognized or not, or an individual responsible for the education or guardianship of the victim;
- c) The offender carries a serious sexually transmitted disease, and is aware of this, and there has been danger of transmission;
- d) The act is committed by two or more offenders, or the use of guns is involved;
- e) The act is committed by members of the police or security forces, while performing their duties;
- f) The act is committed against a person under the age of eighteen (18), and the offender takes advantage of preexisting cohabitation.
Other Argentine Laws regarding minors
- Argentine Law No. 24417 on Protection against Family Violence: This civil law, enacted in December 1994, helps the child and their family with protective measures. According to this law, it is mandatory for social assistance or educational services, either public or private, health professionals and any other public officer to report child abuse within 72 hours.
- Argentine Law No. 26061 on Comprehensive Protection of Children and Adolescents: This law was enacted in September 2005 for the purpose of protecting children and adolescents and to guarantee the full exercise and enjoyment of their rights. It lays the basis for a juvenile justice system and calls for institutionalized children to be integrated back into the society. Under this law, each province is delegated the power to create mechanisms in order to protect children from abuse and exploitation.
- Argentina Law No. 26316 on National Day for the Prevention of Child and Adolescent Abuse: This law was enacted in November 2007 and declares 19 November of each year as the National Day for the Prevention of Child and Adolescent Abuse.
Argentina Law No. 26485 on Comprehensive Protection, Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women: This law was enacted in March 2009 with the purpose of preventing, protecting and punishing violence based on gender relations in areas where their interpersonal relationships take place. This legislation provides a comprehensive framework for addressing and preventing violence, including the one exercised against children, and sets forth a series of rights for girls who suffered child abuse, such as the right to be heard.
International Treaties
- Convention on the Rights of the Child
The Convention was adopted by resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989 at the Forty-fourth session of the General Assembly of the United Nations *22. The Convention entered into force on 2 September 1990 in accordance with article 49(1),
Argentina ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and adopted it by Law No. 23849 in September 1990. Upon signature, Argentina declared that article 1 of the Convention must be interpreted to the effect that a child means every human being from the moment of conception up to the age of eighteen.
This Convention has constitutional status since 1994 pursuant to Article 75, paragraph 22 of the Argentine Constitution.
- Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography
This Optional Protocol was adopted by resolution 54/263 on 25 May 2000 at the Fifty-fourth session of the General Assembly of the United Nations. It entered into force on 18 January 2002.
Argentina ratified this Optional Protocol and adopted it by Law No. 25763 in July 2003. This Protocol extended the measures that States Parties should undertake in order to guarantee the protection of the child from the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography.
- Inter-American Belém do Pará Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Woman
Argentina ratified this Convention and was adopted by Law 24.632. This Convention has constitutional status since 1994 pursuant to Article 75, paragraph 22 of the Argentine Constitution.
Prescripción de la acción penal vigente
| Delito | Condena |
Prescripción*1
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Suspensión prescripción *2 | |
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Abuso sexual *3 Persona < 13 años O Toda persona si media: – Violencia – Amenaza – Abuso coactivo/ intimidatorio de relación de dependencia/autoridad/poder – imposibilidad de prestar consentimiento Agravantes art. 119: a) Resultare un grave daño en la salud física o mental de la víctima; b) El hecho fuere cometido por ascendiente, descendiente, afín en línea recta, hermano, tutor, curador, ministro de algún culto reconocido o no, encargado de la educación o de la guarda; c) El autor tuviere conocimiento de ser portador de una enfermedad de transmisión sexual grave, y hubiere existido peligro de contagio; d) El hecho fuere cometido por dos o más personas, o con armas; e) El hecho fuere cometido por personal perteneciente a las fuerzas policiales o de seguridad, en ocasión de sus funciones; f) El hecho fuere cometido contra un menor de dieciocho (18) años, aprovechando la situación de convivencia preexistente con el mismo. |
Abuso sexual simple: 6 meses a 4 años O Abuso sexual simple + cualquier circunstancia prevista en art. 119, incisos a), b), d), e) o f): 3 a 10 años Abuso sexual agravado (gravemente ultrajante): 4 a 10 años Abuso sexual agravado (gravemente ultrajante) + cualquier circunstancia prevista en art. 119, incisos a), b), c), d), e) o f): 8 a 20 años |
Simple: 4 años Simple + cualquier circunstancia prevista en art. 119, incisos a), b), d), e) o f): 10 años Agravado (gravemente ultrajante): 10 años Agravado (gravemente ultrajante) + cualquier circunstancia prevista en art. 119, incisos a), b), c), d), e) o f): 12 años |
Hasta que la víctima cumpla 18 y formule por sí la denuncia o ratifique la formulada por representantes legales durante su minoría de edad. |
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Abuso sexual con acceso carnal (violación) *4 Persona < 13 años O Toda persona si media: – Violencia – Amenaza – Abuso coactivo/ intimidatorio de relación de dependencia/autoridad/poder – imposibilidad de prestar consentimiento |
Abuso sexual con acceso carnal (violación) simple: 6 a 15 años
Abuso sexual con acceso carnal (violación) agravao (incluye cualquier circunstancia prevista en el art. 119, incisos a), b), c), d), e) o f)): 8 a 20 años |
Abuso sexual con acceso carnal (violación) simple: 12 años
Abuso sexual con acceso carnal (violación) agravado: 12 años |
Hasta que la víctima cumpla 18 y formule por sí la denuncia o ratifique la formulada por representantes legales durante su minoría de edad. | |
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Abuso sexual gravemente ultrajante o con acceso carnal *5 Circunstancias previstas en párrafos segundo y tercero del art. 119 + Persona < 16 años + Aprovechamiento de relación de preeminencia (inmadurez sexual, diferencia de edad, etc.) + Código penal no prevé pena más severa para dicha conducta |
Simple: 3 a 6 años Simple + cualquier circunstancia prevista en art. 119, incisos a), b), c), e) o f): 6 a 10 años |
Simple: 6 años
Simple + cualquier circunstancia prevista en art. 119, incisos a), b), c), e) o f): 10 años |
Hasta que la víctima cumpla 18 y formule por sí la denuncia o ratifique la formulada por representantes legales durante su minoría de edad. | |
| Abuso sexual / Violación que resulte en muerte *6 | Prisión perpetua |
15 años *7 |
Hasta la medianoche del día en que la víctima hubiera cumplido 18 años | |
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Corrupción de menores *8
Delito simple: Promover, facilitar corrupción de personas < 18 años, aunque mediare su consentimiento.
Delito agravado: Persona < 13 años.
Delito agravado (sin importar la edad) si media: – Violencia, – Amenaza – Engaño – Rol especial del autor (familiar, profesor, etc.) – Abuso de autoridad – Coerción/ intimidación |
Simple: 3 a 10 años Agravado: 6 a 15 años Agravado (sin importar la edad): 10 a 15 años |
Simple: 10 años Agravado: 12 años Agravado (sin importar la edad): 12 años |
Hasta que la víctima cumpla 18 y formule por sí la denuncia o ratifique la formulada por representantes legales durante su minoría de edad. |
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Promoción de prostitución *9
Promover/ facilitar la prostitución
Delito agravado (sin importar la edad) si media: – Violencia, amenaza, engaño, coerción/ intimidación, abuso de autoridad o situación de vulnerabilidad, o concesión o recepción de pagos o beneficios para obtener consentimiento de persona que tenga autoridad sobre la víctima. – Rol especial del autor (familiar, profesor, encargado de la guarda, funcionario público o fuerza de seguridad, etc.) – Edad de la víctima. |
Simple: 4 a 6 años aunque medie consentimiento. *10 (sin importar la edad). Agravado: (sin importar la edad) 5 a 10 años si median circunstancias especiales *11 Agravado por la edad de la víctima: 10 a 15 años cuando la víctima < 18 años |
Simple: 6 años Agravado: (sin importar la edad) 10 años Agravado por la edad de la víctima: 12 años |
Solo aquellos casos de: – Delitos para cuyo juzgamiento sea necesaria la resolución de cuestiones previas/prejudiciales que deban ser resueltas en otro juicio. (Terminada la causa de la suspensión, la prescripción sigue su curso). – Delitos cometidos en ejercicio de función pública, para todos los que hayan participado mientras cualquiera de ellos se encuentre desempeñando cargo público. *12 |
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Explotación económica del ejercicio de la prostitución. *13
Explotar económicamente/ beneficiarse del ejercicio de la prostitución, aunque medie el consentimiento de la víctima. Delito agravado (sin importar la edad) si media: – Violencia, amenaza, engaño, coerción/ intimidación, abuso de autoridad o situación de vulnerabilidad, o concesión o recepción de pagos o beneficios para obtener consentimiento de persona que tenga autoridad sobre la víctima. – Rol especial del autor (familiar, profesor, encargado de la guarda, funcionario público o fuerza de seguridad, etc.) – Edad de la víctima. |
Simple: 4 a 6 años, aunque medie el consentimiento de la víctima. (Aplica a cualquier persona, no necesariamente menores de 18 años). Agravado: (sin importar la edad de la víctima) 5 a 10 años en circunstancias particulares. Agravado por la edad de la víctima: 10 a 15 años cuando la víctima < 18 años |
Simple: 6 años Agravado: (sin importar la edad de la víctima) 10 años Agravado por la edad de la víctima: 12 años |
Solo aquellos casos de: – Delitos para cuyo juzgamiento sea necesaria resolución de cuestiones previas/prejudiciales que deban ser resueltas en otro juicio. (Terminada la causa de la suspensión, la prescripción sigue su curso). – Delitos cometidos en ejercicio de función pública, para todos los que hayan participado mientras cualquiera de ellos se encuentre desempeñando cargo público. *14 |
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Material de explotación sexual de niñas, niños y adolescentes (MESNNA) *15 Producir, financiar, ofrecer, comerciar, publicar, facilitar, divulgar o distribuir MESNNA de personas < 18 años O Explotación de espectáculos en vivo de representaciones sexuales explícitas (MESNNA en vivo) *16 Organizar espectáculos en vivo de representaciones sexuales explícitas en que participen personas < 18 años Delito agravado si: víctima < 13 años |
Simple: (MESNNA y espectáculos en vivo de representaciones sexuales explícitas de víctimas de 13 a 18 años) 3 a 6 años
Agravado: (MESNNA y MESNNA en vivo de víctimas < 13 años) 4 a 8 años
Otras figuras:
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Simple: 6 años Agravado: 8 años 2 años 2 años *17 3 años |
Hasta que la víctima cumpla 18 y formule por sí la denuncia o ratifique la formulada por representantes legales durante su minoría de edad. | |
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Exhibiciones obscenas *18
Ejecutar o hacer ejecutar por otros actos de exhibiciones obscenas
+
Exhibiciones expuestas a ser vistas involuntariamente por terceros
Delito agravado si:
Los afectados son < 18 años sin mediar consentimiento
O
Los afectados son < 13 años, incapaces de prestar consentimiento |
Simple: Multa de $1.000 a $15.000 (frente a mayores de edad)
Agravado: 6 meses a 4 años
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Simple: 2 años
Agravado: 4 años
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Hasta que la víctima cumpla 18 y formule por sí la denuncia o ratifique la formulada por representantes legales durante su minoría de edad. | |
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Sustracción o retención de una persona con la intención de menoscabar su integridad sexual *19
Sustraer o retener a una persona
+
Por medio de: – la fuerza – intimidación – fraude
+
con la intención de menoscabar su integridad sexual
Delito agravado si: Víctima < 13 años
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Simple 1 a 4 años 6 meses a 2 años Si la víctima es < 16 años, con su consentimiento Agravado 2 a 6 años Si la víctima es < 13 años |
Simple 4 años
2 años
Agravado 6 años
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Hasta que la víctima cumpla 18 y formule por sí la denuncia o ratifique la formulada por representantes legales durante su minoría de edad. | |
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Trata de niñas, niños y adolescentes con fines de explotación (explotación sexual, laboral, etc.) *20 Ofrecer, captar, trasladar, recibir o acoger personas + con fines de explotación (explotación sexual, laboral, etc.) + Si la víctima es < 18 años aunque medie el consentimiento de la víctima |
10 a 15 años
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12 años
Hasta que la víctima cumpla 18 y formule por sí la denuncia o ratifique la formulada por representantes legales durante su minoría de edad. |
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Summary: The statute of limitations (SOL) operates for all crimes, and it provides in the Argentinean criminal law. The SOL varies from 2 to 15 years depending on the crime and the aggravating circumstances.
*1 Artículo 62 del Código Penal de la Nación Argentina
*2 Artículo 67 párrafo 4 del Código Penal de la Nación Argentina. Los plazos de suspensión que se enuncian en la tabla son aplicables a delitos cometidos a partir de 10 de noviembre de 2015 (Ley 27.206).
*3 Artículo 119 del Código Penal de la Nación Argentina
*4 Artículo 119 del Código Penal de la Nación Argentina
*5 Artículo 120 del Código Penal de la Nación Argentina
*6 Artículo 124 del Código Penal de la Nación Argentina
*7 Artículo 62 inciso 1 del Código Penal de la Nación Argentina
*8 Artículo 125 del Código Penal de la Nación Argentina
*9 Artículo 125 bis (no hace referencia a menores, solo refiere al delito simple). Los artículos 126 y 127 del del Código Penal de la Nación Argentina hacen referencia a delitos contra menores.
*10 Artículo 125 bis del Código Penal de la Nación Argentina
*11 Artículo 126 del Código Penal de la Nación Argentina
*12 Artículo 67, párrafos primero y segundo del Código Penal de la Nación Argentina.
*13 Artículo 127 Código Penal de la Nación Argentina
*14 Artículo 67, párrafos primero y segundo del Código Penal de la Nación Argentina.
*15 Artículo 128 del Código Penal de la Nación Argentina
*16 Artículo 128 del Código Penal de la Nación Argentina
*17 Artículo 62 inciso 2 del Código Penal de la Nación Argentina
*18 Artículo 129 del Código Penal de la Nación Argentina
*19 Artículo 130 del Código Penal de la Nación Argentina
*20 El artículo 145 bis refiere a la trata de personas y el artículo 145 ter refiere al delito agravado de trata de niños, niñas y adolescentes.
